Subject: Re: Italy Itinerary (Venice - Rome)
ITINERARY 4, from Venice to Rome by car (this itinerary will show you great Umbrian medieval towns). In many towns there are medieval festivals around the year. Ask the Tourist Information office for details.

-1 day (130 km): take SS309 road to Chioggia. Chioggia is a 'little Venice' with canals. Unfortunately here cars can enter. Walk through the main street in center (Corso del Popolo). Go to Ferrara (**). Ferrara is a great medieval city. Visit the Cathedral (XII cent. - great statues and frescos), Este castle (AD1385 - frescos), Schifanoia Palace (XIV cent., now a museum with great frescos), Ludovico il Moro's Palace (XV cent., now an archeological museum), Diamanti Palace (XV cent., now a painting museum). - 1 day (45 km): Go to Bologna (*), the Emilia Romagna regional capital. Visit St. Petronio church (XIV cent.), see the great Nettuno fountain in the Nettuno square and the medieval towers, visit the National Gallery where there are great pictures by Giotto, Raffaello, Perugino and others, visit St. Domenico church (XVI cent. with the great St. Domenico's grave and statues by Michelangelo), St. Francesco church (XIII cent.), the medieval museum and other Places. - 1 day (120 km): Take the A14 motorway then the A14 dir and go to Ravenna (**). Ravenna is well known for its great mosaics. Visit the old octagonal St. Vitale church (VI cent., where there is a fine mosaic), Galla Placidia 's Mausuleum (V cent., great mosaic), the Neoniano Baptistery (V cent., great mosaic), the old Dante Alighieri's grave (currently in St. Croce church in Florence), St. Apollinare Nuovo church (XV cent., great mosaics). Don't miss St. Apollinare in Classe church! It is 5 km south of Ravenna (VI cent., where there are some mosaics). Take the SS16 road and go to Rimini. Use Rimini (or an other nearby towns) as a base. - 1 day (64 km): Rimini is a famous seaside resort and it is crowded by tourists in summer. See the Augusto's Arch (27 BC), the Malatestiano Temple (XIII cent., where there are some frescos). Take the SS72 and go to St. Marino State (*). Walk around the center and visit its three castles (Rocco (XV cent.), Cesta (XIII cent.) and Montale (XIII cent.)). Great view. Go to the small town of St. Leo (2500 people). It is a less tourist town with a well located castle (XV cent.) with a great view. Visit the Pieve church (X cent.). - 1 day (72 km): Take the SS16 road (south direction) to Gradara (*). It is a small medieval town (2600 people). Walk around the center and visit the castle (XIII cent.). Go to Urbino by SS16 and SS423 roads. Urbino (**) is a great medieval medium size city; it is well known for its great Ducal Palace (XV cent.) now a gallery with great paintings by Piero della Francesca, Raffaello, Bramantino and others. Don't miss it out !!! Walk around the center. It's worth going to Urbino! - 1 day (64 km): take the SS73 bis, the SS3 and 452 roads to Gubbio and use it as a base. 10 km south-west of Fossombrone, along the old road, admire the Furlo's cut, it is a great roman work by Emperor Vespasiano (AD 76-77) (it is a hand made cut in the mountain in order to build the road). Gubbio (**) is a great medieval town. Walk around the town, visit St. Francesco church (XIII cent.), the Cathedral (XIV cent.), the Consoli's Palace (XIV cent., now a museum), the Ducal Palace (XV cent.). - 1 day: Take the 298 and 360 roads and go to Fonte Avellana hermitage (XI cent.) there is a library with books aged XVI-XVII cent. Go to Frasassi Cave (*) at north of Fabbriano. It is the longest Italian natural cave. The tour is 1.5 km long. Tours every 10-15 minutes. Close Frasassi Cave there is the St. Vittore delle Chiuse town, where there is an important architectonic roman styled church. - 3 days: Go to and use Assisi as a base. Assisi (**) is a wonderful medieval town. It is the well known St. Francesco's birthplace. Visit the great St. Francesco churches (XIII cent.) where there are the great Giotto's frescos and paintings by Cimabue. Visit the Cathedral (XIII cent.), St. Chiara church and the seclusion monastery (XIII cent), here the Crucifix which spoken with St. Francesco is preserved. Visit St. Domenico church (XIII cent.), it is built on the place where the Crucifix spoken with St. Francesco. Visit Rocca Maggiore fortes (XIV cent.). Walk through the center. Go to the Carceri hermitage (by car), it is 4 km east of Assisi, it is the peaceful place where St. Francesco used to go to praying and resting. 5 km before Assisi, visit the St. Maria degli Angeli church (XIII cent.). Inside the church there is the fascinating little chapel, built by St. Francesco, and the St. Francesco cell where he died on 3rd October 1226. Go to Perugia (**), the Umbria regional capital. Walk around its medieval center, see its main square where there is the great Maggiore fountain. Visit the Cathedral (XIV cent.), the Priori's Palace (XIV cent.) where there are great frescos, the National Gallery where paintings by Perugino, Piero della Francesca and others are preserved. Visit the Collegio del Cambio Palace (XV cent., great frescos by Perugino), St. Bernardino church (XV cent.), see the Etruscan Arch, St. Angelo church (XIV cent.), St. Pietro church (X cent.). 7 km south east of Perugia you can visit the Ipogeo dei Volumni grave (it is an Etruscan grave - II cent. BC) with cinerary urns. Spello is a medieval town. Visit the St. Maria Maggiore church where there are great frescos by Pinturicchio (XII cent.). Spoleto (*) is a well known medieval town for its Dei due Mondi Musical Festival (that happens in June-July). Walk through the center, visit the Cathedral (XII cent. in romanic style with frescos by Pinturicchio and Lippi), St. Pietro church (XIII cent.), St. Salvatore church (V cent.). See the Druso's Arch (I cent.) and Torri's pedestrian bridge. Todi (*) is another medieval town. Walk around the center, visit the Cathedral (XII cent.), St. Fortunato church (XIII cent.) and Popolo's Palace (XIII cent. in gothic style). Ferentillo is a less tourist small town, it is known for the dead mummification phenomena: bodies of people died in medieval era was well preserved by a special ground grave; now their still dressed bodies are showed in a little museum. 6.5 km north, in Ferentillo countryside, you can visit St. Pietro in Valle Abbey (XII cent.) with nice frescos. 7.5 km east of Terni there is the great Marmore water fall (ask for water fall time table because water is often used for to give electricity power). Spring of Clitumno stream (it is close by Trevi). It is a well known place reported by classical writers as Virgilio, Properio and Plinio. It is a peaceful place that was considered the Clitumno God's home some centuries ago and they used to kill bulls for this God. -1 day (75 km): Go to Orvieto (**) and follow the Itinerary 3 to Rome.

Marco.